Revolutionising our approach to waste is no longer optional—it’s essential. The traditional “take, make, dispose” process is being replaced by recycling, upcycling, and repurposing. With South Africa’s landfill airspace running out, taxpayers could face mounting costs for emergency waste solutions unless we adopt sustainable alternatives.
Globally, the circular economy is booming, with projections showing growth from R9.7 trillion in 2023 to R33.21 trillion by 2033. This 13,1% annual growth reflects a global shift towards sustainability. Locally, South Africa has made progress in waste management and recycling but still faces significant challenges in fully implementing circular economy practices.
South Africa’s waste problem
South Africa generates about 122 million tonnes of waste annually, but only 10% is recycled. The remaining 90% ends up in landfills or is illegally dumped, exacerbating environmental and societal issues. Gauteng, the country’s most populous province, faces the most critical landfill shortages, with cities like Johannesburg and Pretoria projected to run out of landfill space within three years. Conversely, Cape Town’s foresight in implementing waste diversion and raising disposal costs 15 years ago serves as an example for other regions to follow.
The circular economy: a multi-faceted approach
The circular economy provides businesses with various strategies to reduce waste. Designing products for longevity and reusability is a critical step. For example, the Western Cape Government recently introduced a repair and refurbish action plan for household goods (electronics, textiles, furniture), emphasising the value of extending product life cycles.
What is Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)?
South Africa adopted Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations under the National Environmental Management: Waste Act (NEM:WA) in 2020. These regulations impose obligations on producers, manufacturers, importers, and brand owners who generate waste (electrical, plastic, glass, metal, etc.) to ensure they take responsibility for the full life cycle of their products, including post-consumer waste. This reduces the burden on taxpayers while incentivising producers to prioritise sustainable, recyclable, and long-lasting designs. EPR is set to be a game-changer for South Africa’s waste landscape, encouraging businesses to innovate and adopt environmentally friendly practices.
Polyco, a Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO), has been managing a voluntary EPR scheme successfully since 2011. In 2021 Polyco merged with the Polystyrene Association of South Africa and Vinyl Loop and is now overseeing the implementation of a mandatory EPR scheme for companies that create plastic waste. Members include, among others, Nampak, Pick ‘n Pay and Fair Cape Dairies.
From food waste to composting
The circular economy adapts to local circumstances, focusing on prevalent waste streams. In South Africa, food waste is a significant issue, with 9 million tonnes wasted annually out of 29 million tonnes produced. Cities like Cape Town are leading the way with initiatives such as “at-home composting,” providing residents with a step-by-step guide to turning food scraps into valuable compost. Expanding such initiatives across municipalities could significantly reduce landfill waste.
Waste pickers: unsung heroes of recycling
Informal waste pickers play an invaluable role in South Africa’s recycling efforts, saving landfill airspace and driving the circular economy. In 2017, waste pickers were responsible for diverting 51% of packaging and paper waste, generating savings of up to R700 million annually. Recent amendments to waste management licences have formally integrated waste pickers into landfill operations, recognising their contributions to environmental, social, and economic sustainability.
Driving ESG and business participation
Integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks within businesses is pivotal for advancing the circular economy. Companies can make a significant impact by redesigning processes, products, and supply chains to align with environmental regulations, market demands, and global sustainability goals.
Transitioning to a circular economy is more than an environmental necessity; it’s an economic opportunity. By embracing sustainable practices, reducing waste, and fostering innovation, businesses in South Africa can unlock the full potential of this transformative model—creating a cleaner, more prosperous future for all.
Sources
Businesstech: The R15 billion economy in South Africa rising from the trash
ESI Africa: South Africa is on the brink of a circular economy
ISSUU: Great legislation, terrible landfills
News@NWU: Pioneering South Africa’s circular economy
Polyco: Polyco NPC Extended Producer Responsibility Plan
SAnews.gov.za: Minister George weighs in on future of circular economy in Africa
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